PAST PERFECT TENSE
(Bentuk lampau telah selesai)
A. Penggunaan :
- Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang telah terjadi sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi di waktu lampau.
- Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa pada saat dan berlangsung sampai saat yang lain pada waktu lampau.
- Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di saat lampau.
- Untuk menyatakan alas an atau jawaban dari peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu lampau (Simple Past Tense)
B. Keterangan
waktu :
Keterangan waktu tense ini adalah :
-
after …
-
… before
-
… when
-
as soon as
-
by …
-
by the end of
-
by the time
-
by 1 o’clock yesterday
C. Susunan
kalimat :
- Positive (+) : Subject + Had + V III
Subject
|
had
|
V III
|
Object
|
I
|
had
|
written
|
a story
|
You
|
bought
|
a shirt
|
|
We
|
cleaned
|
the room
|
|
They
|
played
|
tennis
|
He
|
had
|
gone
|
to school
|
She
|
given
|
a present
|
|
It
|
swum
|
very fast
|
- Negative (-) + had + not + V III
Subject
|
be 2
|
not
|
Verb III
|
Object
|
I
|
had
|
not
|
written
|
a story
|
You
We
They
|
bought
cleaned
played
|
a shirt
the room
tennis
|
||
He
She
It
|
gone
given
swum
|
to school
a present
very fast
|
- Interrogative (?)
Had + Subject + Verb III ?
Had
|
Subject
|
V III
|
Object
|
Had
|
I
|
written
|
a story?
|
You
|
bought
|
a shirt?
|
|
We
|
cleaned
|
the room?
|
|
They
|
played
|
tennis?
|
|
He
|
gone
|
to school?
|
|
She
|
given
|
a present?
|
|
It
|
swum
|
very fast?
|
Past Perfect Tense
I had
sung
|
The past
perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and to use. This tense
talks about the "past in the past".
How do we make the Past
Perfect Tense?
The
structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject
|
+
|
auxiliary verb HAVE
|
+
|
main verb
|
conjugated in simple past tense
|
past participle
|
|||
had
|
V3
|
For negative
sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary
verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary
verb. Look at these example sentences with the past perfect tense:
subject
|
auxiliary
verb
|
main verb
|
|||
+
|
I
|
had
|
finished
|
my work.
|
|
+
|
You
|
had
|
stopped
|
before me.
|
|
-
|
She
|
had
|
not
|
gone
|
to school.
|
-
|
We
|
had
|
not
|
left.
|
|
?
|
Had
|
you
|
arrived?
|
||
?
|
Had
|
they
|
eaten
|
dinner?
|
When
speaking with the past perfect tense, we often contract the subject and
auxiliary verb:
I had
|
I'd
|
you had
|
you'd
|
he had
she had it had |
he'd
she'd it'd |
we had
|
we'd
|
they had
|
they'd
|
The 'd
contraction is also used for the auxiliary verb would. For example, we'd
can mean:
- We had
or - We would
But usually
the main verb is in a different form, for example:
- We had arrived (past participle)
- We would arrive (base)
It is always
clear from the context.
How do we use the Past Perfect
Tense?
The past
perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past.
This is the past in the past. For example:
- The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had left.
The train had left when we arrived.
|
||||||||
past
|
present
|
future
|
||||||
Train leaves in past at 9am.
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
We arrive in past at 9.15am.
|
Look at some
more examples:
- I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten.
- They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
- I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
- "Mary wasn't at home when
I arrived."
"Really? Where had she gone?"
You can
sometimes think of the past perfect tense like the present perfect tense, but
instead of the time being now the time is past.
past
perfect tense
|
present
perfect tense
|
|||||
had |
done | > | |
have |
done | > | |
|||||
past
|
now
|
future
|
past
|
now
|
future
|
For example,
imagine that you arrive at the station at 9.15am. The stationmaster says to
you:
- "You are too late. The train has left."
Later, you
tell your friends:
- "We were too late. The train had left."
We often use
the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told,
asked, thought, wondered:
Look at these examples:
Look at these examples:
- He told us that the train had left.
- I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
- He explained that he had closed the window because of the rain.
- I wondered if I had been there before.
- I asked them why they had not finished.
The past perfect simple tense is used to go further back in time when we are already talking about the past. It can make it clear that something had already happened at the time we are talking about.
Past Perfect Simple Timeline
We form the
past perfect simple by using the auxilliary verb had and the -ed form of the
regular verb (the past participle) irregular verb forms have to be learned:
Statements
+ |
Statements
- |
Questions
|
Short answer
+ |
Short answer
- |
I'd worked
...
|
I hadn't
worked ...
|
Had I
worked ...?
|
Yes, I
had.
|
No, I
hadn't.
|
He'd
worked ...
|
He hadn't
worked ...
|
Had he
worked ...?
|
Yes, he
had.
|
No, he
hadn't.
|
She'd
worked ...
|
She hadn't
worked ...
|
Had she
worked ...?
|
Yes, she
had.
|
No, she
hadn't.
|
It had
worked ...
|
It hadn't
worked ...
|
Had it
worked ...?
|
Yes, it
had.
|
No, it
hadn't.
|
You'd
worked ...
|
You hadn't
worked ...
|
Had you
worked ...?
|
Yes you
had.
|
No, you
hadn't.
|
We'd
worked ...
|
We hadn't
worked ...
|
Had we
worked ...?
|
Yes we
had.
|
No, we
hadn't.
|
They'd
worked ...
|
They
hadn't worked ...
|
Had they
worked ...?
|
Yes they
had.
|
No, they
hadn't.
|
For example:
"I had already done the shopping by the time she came home."
"I was late for work, by the time I arrived the client had already left."
The past perfect simple can be used to show how often something happened in the past.
For example:
I'd visited the city many times before.
It can also be used to express unfulfilled wishes or dreams. Sometimes called the Third Conditional.
For example:
"If I had won the lottery I would have bought a new car." Note: If I had done something I would have done something else.
"I had already done the shopping by the time she came home."
"I was late for work, by the time I arrived the client had already left."
The past perfect simple can be used to show how often something happened in the past.
For example:
I'd visited the city many times before.
It can also be used to express unfulfilled wishes or dreams. Sometimes called the Third Conditional.
For example:
"If I had won the lottery I would have bought a new car." Note: If I had done something I would have done something else.
:
|
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